During the Tudor period (16th century), Arundel Castle saw less military use but remained an important noble residence. The Dukes of Norfolk, who inherited the castle through the Howard family line, were influential figures at court. However, the castle was not immune to political turmoil. In 1643, during the English Civil War between Royalists

By the late 12th and early 13th centuries, wooden castles like the original Arundel were increasingly replaced or supplemented by stone structures, reflecting the evolving demands of military defense and aristocratic status. Arundel Castle underwent significant stone construction during this period, including the building of a stone keep and curtai

Introduction Arundel Castle stands as one of England’s most iconic medieval fortresses, steeped in over 900 years of history. Located in the historic market town of Arundel, West Sussex, it has witnessed centuries of British history — from Norman conquest and medieval warfare to modern restoration and public tourism. The castle’s imposing st

Leeds Castle’s architecture reflects its long history and the changes in styles and functions over centuries. The Moat: One of the castle’s most distinctive features is its surrounding moat, created by damming two rivers. This made the castle effectively an island fortress, enhancing its defensibility and aesthetic appeal. The Barbica