Introduction
Arundel Castle stands as one of England’s most iconic medieval fortresses, steeped in over 900 years of history. Located in the historic market town of Arundel, West Sussex, it has witnessed centuries of British history — from Norman conquest and medieval warfare to modern restoration and public tourism. The castle’s imposing structure, commanding views of the South Downs and River Arun, and its role as a noble family seat make it a fascinating subject for historians and visitors alike.
This article explores the rich history of Arundel Castle, tracing its origins from the Norman Conquest through its medieval evolution, its role in political and military conflicts, its decline and revival, and its place in contemporary England.
Origins: The Norman Conquest and the Birth of Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle was originally built in 1067 by Roger de Montgomery, one of William the Conqueror’s closest allies. Following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, William granted vast estates to his trusted supporters to secure control over the newly conquered lands. Roger de Montgomery was made Earl of Arundel and was given the task of fortifying this strategic location on the south coast.
The earliest incarnation of Arundel Castle was a motte-and-bailey structure, typical of early Norman military architecture. The motte, or earth mound, was topped with a wooden keep, while the bailey was an enclosed courtyard surrounded by wooden palisades. This design allowed for rapid construction and immediate defense capabilities during a turbulent period marked by ongoing resistance from the Anglo-Saxon population.
Strategically, the castle’s position was key. Overlooking the River Arun and near the English Channel, it controlled access to important trade routes and served as a defensive stronghold against potential invasions or rebellions. Its location also allowed the Normans to impose authority over Sussex and the surrounding regions. shutdown123